DIVISION 81: FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION, EXCEPT INSURANCE AND PENSION FUNDING

This division includes the activity of obtaining and redistributing funds, other than for the purpose of insurance and pension funding.

              811       Monetary intermediation

This group includes the obtaining of funds in the form of deposits. Deposits are defined as funds which are fixed in money terms, obtained on a day-to-day basis and which are, apart from central banking, obtained from non-financial sources.

         81110        Central banking

This subgroup includes taking deposits which are used for clearance between financial institutions, supervising banking operations, holding the country’s exchange reserves, and issuing and managing the country’s currency and acting as banker to the Government. The following institutions are classified in this subgroup:

SA Reserve Bank

Corporation for Public Deposits (CPD)

            8112      Other monetary intermediation

This group includes the monetary intermediation of monetary institutions other than the central bank. Included are the activities of discount houses, commercial banks, merchant banks, general banks, The Land and Agricultural Bank of SA; the Post Office Savings Bank, building societies and other deposit-taking institutions.

             819        Other financial intermediation n.e.c.

This major group includes financial intermediation other than that conducted by monetary institutions.

Exclusions:

Insurance and pension funding are classified under Division 82.

            8191       Lease financing

Leasing where the term approximately covers the expected life of the asset and the lessee acquires in essence all the benefits of its use and takes all the risks associated with its ownership. The asset may or may not eventually be transferred.

Exclusions:

Operational leasing is classified under Division 85 (Renting of machinery and equipment without operator and of personal and household goods), according to type of goods leased.

            8192       Other credit granting

This group includes financial intermediation primarily concerned with making loans by institutions not involved in monetary intermediation, including the granting of consumer credit, the provision of long-term finance to the industry, and money lending outside the banking system. The granting of credit for house purchases by specialised institutions that do not also take deposits is included in this subgroup.

Exclusions:

Lease financing is classified under group 8191 and operational leasing under Division 85 (Renting of machinery and equipment, without operator, and of personal and household goods).

            8199       Other financial intermediation n.e.c.

This group includes other financial intermediation primarily concerned with distributing funds other than by making loans. This includes investment in securities (e.g. shares, bonds, bills, unit trust units, etc.) including dealing for own account by securities dealers, investment in property where this is carried out primarily for other financial intermediaries (e.g. property unit trusts) and writing swaps, options and other hedging arrangements. Activities of financial holding companies are included.

Exclusions:

Lease financing is classified under group 8191.

Security dealing on behalf of others is classified under group 8312 (Security dealing activities).

The renting of property is classified under Division 84 (Real estate activities).

Operational leasing is classified under Division 85 (Renting of machinery and equipment, without operator, and of personal and household goods).

DIVISION 82: INSURANCE AND PENSION FUNDING, EXCEPT COMPULSORY SOCIAL SECURITY

            821        Insurance and pension funding, except compulsory social security

This group includes long and short-term risk spreading with or without a savings element.

           8211       Life insurance

This group includes life insurance (including reinsurance) and other long-term insurance, with or without a substantial savings element, involving the collection and investment of funds.

           8212       Pension funding

This group includes the provision of retirement incomes, including activities involving the collection and investment of funds.

Exclusions:

The funding and administration of compulsory social security programmes are classified under major group 911 (Central government activities).

           8213       Medical aid funding

This group includes the funding of medical aid including activities involving the collection and investment of funds.

           8219       Other insurance n.e.c.

This group includes insurance (including reinsurance) of non-life business (e.g. accident, fire, property, motor, marine, aviation, transport, pecuniary loss and liability insurance).

DIVISION 83: ACTIVITIES AUXILIARY TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION

This division includes the provision of services involved in or closely related to financial intermediation, but not involved in financial intermediation themselves.

             831        Activities auxiliary to financial intermediation, except insurance and pension funding

This major group includes activities involved in or closely related to financial intermediation, other than insurance and pension funding, but not involved in financial intermediation themselves.

            8311       Administration of financial markets

This group includes the operation and supervision of financial markets other than by public authorities and includes the activities of the stock exchange and other bodies that regulate or supervise the activities of financial markets, including exchanges for commodity futures contracts.

           8312       Security dealing activities

This group includes dealing in financial markets on behalf of others (e.g. stock broking) and related activities.

Exclusions:

Dealing in markets on own account is classified under group 8199 (Other financial intermediation n.e.c.).

            8319       Activities auxiliary to financial intermediation n.e.c.

This group includes all activities auxiliary to financial intermediation not classified elsewhere such as foreign exchange dealers; renting of safe deposits; commodity and bullion exchanges; investment research and counselling or investment advisers; stock quotation services; lease and patent broking and licensing; holders of mineral rights and other concerns receiving royalty; name and trade mark protection; leasing of business licenses; and boards of executors; estate administrators, trust companies and trust funds.

Exclusions:

Activities of insurance agents and other activities closely related to insurance and pension funding are classified under group 8320 (Activities auxiliary to insurance and pension funding).

     832    8320    Activities auxiliary to insurance and pension funding

This group includes activities involved in or closely related to the management of insurance and pension funding, other than financial intermediation. It includes the activities of insurance agents, average and loss adjusters, actuaries and salvage administration.

Exclusions:

Marine salvage is classified under group 7413 (Other supporting transport activities).

DIVISION 84: REAL ESTATE ACTIVITIES

             841        Real estate activities with own or rented property

This major group includes the buying, selling, renting and operating of owned or leased real estate, such as flats and dwellings and non-residential buildings; developing and subdividing real estate into lots, etc. Also included are land-jobbers and the development and sale of land.

Exclusions:

Development on own account involving construction, is classified under major group 502 (Building of complete constructions or parts thereof; civil engineering).

The operation of hotels, boarding houses, camps, caravan parks, holiday farms, other accommodation, such as furnished holiday flats, is classified under group 6410 (Hotels; camping sites and other provision of short-stay accommodation).

             842        Real estate activities on a fee or contract basis

This major group includes buying, selling, renting, managing and appraising real estate on a fee or contract basis, such as the activities of real estate agents, rent collectors, appraisers and valuers. The sub-letting of fixed property is also included.

DIVISION 85: RENTING OF MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT, WITHOUT OPERATOR, AND OF PERSONAL AND HOUSEHOLD GOODS

In Division 85 the term "renting" includes leasing. The machinery and equipment may be provided with or without maintenance.

              851       Renting of transport equipment

            8511       Renting of land transport equipment

This group includes the renting, without operator, of all kinds of land transport equipment, e.g. railroad vehicles, cars, trucks, trailers, motor cycles, caravans and campers. The renting of containers is also included.

Exclusions:

The renting of vehicles with drivers is classified under group 7122 (Other non-scheduled passenger land transport) and 7123 (Freight transport by road), respectively.

The financing of leases is classified under group 8191.

The renting of bicycles is classified under group 8530 (Renting of personal and household goods n.e.c.).

           8512       Renting of water transport equipment

This group includes the renting of water transport equipment, i.e. commercial boats, houseboats and ships, without operator.

Exclusions:

The renting of water transport equipment with operator is classified under the appropriate subgroup of Division 72 (Water transport).

Lease financing is classified under group 8191.

The renting of pleasure-boats is classified under group 8530 (Renting of personal and household goods n.e.c.).

           8513       Renting of air transport equipment

This group includes the renting of air transport equipment, i.e. airplanes without operator.

Exclusions:

Renting of air transport equipment with operator is classified under Division 73 (Air transport).

Lease financing is classified under group 8191.

             852        Renting of other machinery and equipment

            8521       Renting of agricultural machinery and equipment

This group includes the renting of agricultural machinery and equipment without operator.

Exclusions:

Renting of agricultural machinery and equipment with operators is classified under group 1140 (Agricultural and animal husbandry services, except veterinary activities).

Lease financing is classified under group 8191.

            8522       Renting of construction and civil engineering machinery and equipment

This group includes the renting of construction and civil engineering machinery and equipment (including crane lorries) without operator.

Exclusions:

Renting of construction and civil engineering machinery or equipment with operators is classified under group 5050 (Renting of construction or demolition equipment with operators).

The renting together with the erection of scaffolding is also classified under group 5050.

Lease financing is classified under group 8191.

            8523       Renting of office machinery and equipment (including computers)

This group includes the renting of all kinds of office machinery and equipment, such as duplicating machines, typewriters and word processing machines; of accounting machinery and equipment, such as electronic calculating machines, cash registers and other machines incorporating a calculating device; and of computing machinery and equipment, such as automatic data processing machines of the digital, analogue or hybrid type, central processing units, peripheral units and magnetic or optical readers, without management or operation.

            8529       Renting of other machinery and equipment n.e.c.

This group includes the renting of all kinds of machinery, electrical or not, which is generally used as capital goods by industries, such as engines and turbines, machine tools, mining and oil field equipment, commercial, radio, television and communication equipment, professional, scientific, measuring and controlling and other commercial and industrial machinery. Also included is renting of vending machines.

Exclusions:

Lease financing is classified under group 8191.

The renting of agricultural machinery and equipment is classified under group 8521.

The renting of construction and civil engineering machinery and equipment is classified under group 8522.

The renting of office machinery and equipment (including computers) is classified under group 8523.

The renting of protective devices such as alarm systems with a communication service is classified under group 8892 (Investigation and security activities).

    853    8530     Renting of personal and household goods n.e.c.

This group includes the renting of all kinds of personal and household goods, whether the customers are households or industries. It involves the renting of such goods as textiles, wearing apparel and footwear, furniture, pottery and glass, kitchen and tableware, electrical appliances and housewares, pleasure-craft and related facilities, saddle-horses, bicycles, sports equipment, jewellery, musical instruments, television sets, video machines, scenery and costumes, books, journals and magazines, video tapes and records, etc.

Exclusions:

The renting without driver/operator of passenger vehicles, motor cycles, caravans and trailers is classified under group 8511 (Renting of land transport equipment).

The renting of linens, industrial work uniforms and related articles by laundries is classified under subgroup 99010 (Washing and (dry)-cleaning of textile and fur products).

The renting of leisure and pleasure equipment can also be undertaken by the recreational industries and is then classified under the appropriate group of Division 96 (Recreational, cultural and sporting activities).

DIVISION 86: COMPUTER AND RELATED ACTIVITIES

     861   8610     Hardware consultancy

This group includes consultancy on the type and configuration of hardware with or without associated software application. The consultancy typically involves analysing the users’ needs and problems and presenting the best solution.

Exclusions:

Similar activities carried out by units selling computers are classified under group 3590 (Manufacture of office, accounting and computing machinery) or under Division 61 (Wholesale trade and commission trade, except of motor vehicles and motor cycles) or Division 62 (Retail trade, except of motor vehicles and motor cycles; repair of personal and household goods).

    862   8620      Software consultancy and supply

This subgroup includes activities in connection with the analysis, design and programming of systems ready for use. This usually involves the analysis of the users’ needs and problems, consultancy on the most economic solution and producing the necessary software to realise this solution. Also included is the simple writing of programs following directives of the user. Specifically, these activities involve the development, production, supply and documentation of order-made software based on orders from specific users and easy-order and ready-made (non-customised) software.

Exclusions:

The reproduction of non-customised software is classified under group 3260 (Reproduction of recorded media).

Similar activities carried out as an integrated part of the reselling of software are classified under group 6239 (Other retail sale in specialised stores).

Software consultancy provided in conjunction with hardware consultancy is classified under subgroup 86100.

    863    8630     Data processing

This group includes the processing or tabulation of all types of data. This may consist of the complete processing and preparation of reports from data supplied by the customer. It may also be specialised, such as key-punching or other input preparation, conversion, such as diskette to tape, etc., or optical character recognition, etc. The services may be supplied either over-the-counter or via remote access terminals and may employ either the customer’s or a proprietary program. Included is the provision of such services on an hourly or time-share basis. Also included is the management and operation of data processing facilities of others on a continuing basis.

Exclusions:

The renting of computers and computer-related hardware and calculating machines are classified under group 8523 (Renting of office machinery and equipment (including computers)).

The development of computer systems ready for use, including programming is classified under group 8620 (Software consultancy and supply).

The maintenance and repair of computing machinery are classified under subgroup 86500.

Data processing conducted as an ancillary service by business concerns for own purposes.

    864   8640      Data base activities

This group includes the following three types of data base related activities:

- Data base development, i.e. the assembly of data from one or more sources.

- Data storage, i.e. the preparation of a computer record for such information in a predetermined format.

- Data base availability, i.e. the provision of data in a certain order or sequence by on-line data retrieval or accessibility (Computerised management). The data can be of any kind, such as financial, economical, statistical or technical. The data may be accessible to everybody or to limited users and can be sorted on demand.

Exclusions:

Computerised documentation activities provided by libraries and archives are classified under subgroup 96310 (Library and archives activities).

The compilation of mailing lists is classified under subgroup 88993 (Stenographic, duplicating, addressing, mailing list and similar activities).

    865    8650     Maintenance and repair of office, accounting and computing machinery

This group includes the maintenance and repair of office and accounting machinery and of computers and computer peripheral equipment.

    869   8690      Other computer related activities

This group includes cable-laying for computer networks and other computer related activities n.e.c.

DIVISION 87: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

This division includes the performance of the following three types of activities:

- Basic research, experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundations of phenomena and observable facts, without particular application or use in view.

- Applied research is also original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards a specific practical aim or objective.

- Experimental development is systematic work, drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and/or practical experience, that is directed towards producing new materials, products and devices, to installing new processes, systems and services, and to improving those already produced or installed.

The basic criterion for distinguishing research and development from related activities, is the presence of an appreciable element of novelty in research and development.

Exclusions:

The government administration of research and development and of associated funds in the various natural or social sciences are classified under the appropriate subgroup of Division 91 (Public administration and defence activities).

The administration and support of defence related applied research and experimental development are also classified under Division 91.

Education combined with research and development is classified in the appropriate subgroup of Division 92 (Education).

The raising and management of research and development funds for medical and other social related research, and development by charities is classified under group 9330 (Social work activities).

Technical testing and analysis is classified under group 8822 (Technical testing and analysis).

             871        Research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering

This major group includes systematic creative work done in the three types of activities in the field of research and development defined above. It takes place in natural sciences (mathematics, physics, astronomy, chemistry, life sciences not elsewhere classified, earth sciences, etc.), medical sciences, agriculture and engineering and technology. The purpose is to increase the stock of knowledge and to devise new applications of this knowledge.

    872    8720     Research and experimental development on social sciences and humanities

This group includes systematic creative work done in the three types of activities in the field of research and development defined above. It takes place in social sciences (economics, psychology, sociology, legal sciences, etc.) and humanities (e.g. linguistics and languages and arts). The purpose is to increase the stock of knowledge and to devise new applications of this knowledge.

Exclusions:

Marketing research is classified under group 8813 (Marketing research and public opinion polling).

DIVISION 88: OTHER BUSINESS ACTIVITIES

             881        Legal, accounting, book-keeping and auditing activities; tax consultancy, market
                           research and public opinion research; business and management consultancy

            8811       Legal activities

This group includes advice and representation in civil, criminal and other cases, i.e. the representation of one party’s interest against another party, whether or not before courts or other judicial bodies. These activities are generally performed by or under the supervision of persons who are members of the bar, such as advocates or barristers and solicitors, attorneys or lawyers in private practice.

Civil cases involve the infringement of an individual’s or body corporate’s private or civil rights, such as liability cases, divorce cases, etc. Criminal actions are cases involving offences against the State and are usually instigated by the Government. The giving of advice in connection with labour disputes, general counselling and advising, the preparation of legal documents which do not directly involve a legal suit or which are related to articles of incorporation, partnership agreements or similar documents in connection with company formation. Also included are activities in connection with patents and copyrights, with the preparation of deeds, wills, trusts, etc., and the activities of notaries (public).

Exclusions:

Law court activities are classified under Division 91 (Public administration and defence activities).

Arbitration and conciliation between managements and labour are included in group 8814 (Business and management consultancy activities).

           8812       Accounting, book-keeping and auditing activities; tax consultancy

This group includes activities involving the recording of commercial transactions for businesses or others, the preparation of financial accounts, the examination of these accounts and the certification of their accuracy and the preparation of personal and business income tax returns.

Included are related advisory activities and representation (other than legal representation) on behalf of clients before tax authorities.

Exclusions:

Data processing and tabulation activities are classified under group 8630 (Data processing).

Activities involving management consultancy by units that do not provide accounting or auditing services, e.g. the design of accounting systems, cost accounting programmes, budgetary control procedures, etc., are classified under group 8814 (Business and management consultancy activities).

Bill collection is classified under group 8899 (Other business activities n.e.c.).

           8813       Marketing research and public opinion polling

This group includes investigations into market potential, acceptance and familiarity of products and buying habits of consumers for the purpose of sales promotion and development of new products. Also included are investigations into collective opinions of the public about political, economic and social issues.

            8814       Business and management consultancy activities

This group includes the giving of advice, guidance or operational assistance to businesses. These activities involve public relations e.g. through image-building and opinion-moulding, to improve the relations of the client with the public, the media or others, other than by paid advertisements, welfare and charity affairs, politics, lobbying. Activities in connection with planning, organisation, efficiency and control, management information, etc. Combined management consultancy and actual management, e.g. by agronomists and agricultural economists to farmers, etc. Arbitration and conciliation between management and labour. Also included are activities of management holding companies.

Exclusions:

Computer activities are classified under Division 86.

Legal advice and representation are classified under group 8811 (Legal activities).

Accounting, bookkeeping and auditing activities and tax consultancy are classified under group 8812.

Marketing research and public opinion research are classified under group 8813.

Technical advisory activities are classified under group 8821 (Architectural and engineering activities and related technical consultancy).

Advertising activities are classified under group 8831.

The administrative head office of a firm is classified under the same subgroup allocated to the firm according to its main activity.

             882        Architectural, engineering and other technical activities

            8821       Architectural and engineering activities and   related technical consultancy

This group includes consulting architectural and engineering activities, surveying, geological exploration and prospecting activities and engineering. Architectural activities include the designing of building and the drafting and often supervision of construction, town and city planning and landscape architecture. Engineering and technical activities include specialised activities related to civil engineering, hydraulic engineering, traffic engineering including project management on a fee basis for constructions, electrical and electronic engineering, mining engineering, chemical engineering, mechanical, industrial and systems engineering, air-conditioning, refrigerating, sanitary and pollution control engineering, acoustical engineering, etc. Geological and prospecting activities use surface measurements and observation designed to yield information on subsurface structure and the location of petroleum, natural gas and mineral deposits and of ground water. This may involve airborne geophysical surveys, hydrological surveys, etc. Also included are map-making and related land surveying activities.

Exclusions:

Engineering and technical activities not carried out on a fee or contract basis but as an ancilliary service for own account by concerns e.g. project management for construction by construction concerns, is classified under the main activities of such concerns.

Test drilling and testhole boring in connection with petroleum and gas extraction is classified under subgroup 22110 (Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas).

Prospecting by mines for own purposes is classified under the appropriate groups of Major division 2 (Mining and quarrying).

Research and development activities are classified under Division 87.

Technical testing is classified under group 8822 (Technical testing and analysis).

Interior decorating is classified under group 8899 (Other business activities n.e.c.).

           8822       Technical testing and analysis

This group includes testing of all types of materials and products. The testing of their composition and purity, e.g. of minerals, food, etc. Qualification and reliability testing, the certification of products, failure analysis, materials evaluation, etc. Testing the physical characteristics and performance of products or materials, e.g. for their strength, thickness, durability, electrical conductivity, radioactivity, etc. Also included are the testing of textiles, the radiographic testing of welds and joints and the performance testing of complete machinery, motors, automobiles, appliances or electronic equipment, whether or not with the use of models or mock-ups of ships, aircraft, dams, etc.

Exclusions

The testing and analysis of medical and dental specimens are classified under group 9319 (Other human health activities).

Research and development is classified under Division 87 (Research and development).

              883       Advertising

This group includes the provision of advertising services. Advertising agency activities include creating and placing advertisements in periodicals and newspapers and on radio and television for clients. Included is the writing of advertising copy, commercial art work and signwriting. Outdoor advertising, e.g. billboards, panels, window-dressing, showroom design, car and bus carding, etc. Media representation, i.e. the sale of time and space for various media soliciting advertising. Aerial advertising. The distribution or delivery of advertising material or samples. Also included is the renting of space for advertising.

Exclusions:

The printing of advertising material is classified under group 3251 (Printing).

Marketing research is classified under group 8813.

The manufacture of advertising displays and numberplates and signs is classified under subgroup 39294.

Public relations activities are classified under group 8814 (Business and management consultancy activities).

Direct mailing activities are classified under subgroup 88993 (Stenographic, duplicating, addressing, mailing list and similar activities).

The production of commercial messages for radio, television and film are classified under the appropriate subgroup of major group 961 (Motion picture, radio and television and other entertainment activities).

             889       Business activities n.e.c.

           8891       Labour recruitment and provision of personnel

This class includes staff recruitment, selection, referral and placement in connection with employment in any field. The services may be supplied to the potential employer or to the prospective employee and may involve the formulation of job descriptions, the screening and testing of applicants, the investigation of references, etc.

Executive recruitment and placement activities are included, as are labour contracting activities, i.e. the supply to others, chiefly on a temporary basis, of staff who are hired by and whose emoluments are paid by the agency.

Exclusions:

Activities of farm labour contractors are classified under group 1140 (Agricultural and animal husbandry services, except veterinary activities).

Agency activities are classified under group 8899 (Other business activities n.e.c.).

Motion picture and other theatrical casting activities are classified under group 9649 (Other recreational activities).

            8892       Investigation and security activities

This group includes investigation and surveillance activities, guard and other protective activities for individuals and property. This involves the checking of individuals’ backgrounds, the tracing of missing persons, the investigation of thefts and embezzlements, patrol or other activities with primarily hired staff directly to protect individuals or property, e.g. the transport of valuables, or other means of protection with the same purpose, such as guard dogs, armoured cars, etc. Also included are bodyguard activities, street patrols, guard and watchman activities for flat and office buildings, offices, factories, construction sites, hotels, theatres, dance halls, etc. and store detective activities and activities such as monitoring mechanical or electrical protective devices, as well as the renting of alarm systems with a communication service and consultancy in the field of industrial security, fingerprinting, signature and handwriting identification, etc.

Exclusions:

The installation of alarm systems is classified under major group 503 (Building installation).

Investigations in connection with insurance are classified under group 8320 (Activities auxiliary to insurance and pension funding).

            8893       Building and industrial plant cleaning activities

This group includes the cleaning of buildings of all types, including offices, factories, shops, institutions and other business and professional premises and residential buildings. It involves the interior cleaning of buildings, e.g. floor cleaning and waxing, the interior cleaning of walls, furniture polishing, etc. and window-cleaning, inside and outside, for offices, industrial plants, factories and flat and office buildings, chimney-cleaning and the cleaning of fireplaces, furnaces, incinerators, ventilation ducts and exhaust units, etc. Also included are disinfecting and exterminating activities.

Exclusions:

Steam-cleaning, sand-blasting and similar activities for building exteriors and the cleaning of new buildings after construction are classified under major group 504 (Building completion).

The chemical cleaning (decalcification) of boiler interiors is classified under group 3543 (Manufacture of steam generators, except central heating hot water boilers).

The interior cleaning of bulk storage tanks is classified under group 3542 (Manufacture of tanks, reservoirs and similar containers of metal).

Carpet and rug shampooing and drapery and curtain-cleaning are classified under subgroup 99010 (Washing and (dry-) cleaning of textile and fur products).

Similar activities carried out by private households employing domestics are classified under subgroup 01000 (Private households with employed persons).

            8894       Photographic activities

This group includes all commercial and consumer photograph production, and the processing of photographs and motion pictures. Photograph production involves portrait photography, e.g. for passports, schools, weddings or other occasions (including by coin-operated cameras) and photography for commercials, publishers, fashion, real estate or tourism purposes, etc. Aerial photography is included.

Film processing includes developing, printing and enlarging from client-taken negatives or motion pictures, whether for amateur photographers or for commercial clients.

Also included is the mounting of slides and copying and restoring or transparency retouching in connection with old photographs.

Also included is the production of video tape recordings for consumers such as video tape recordings at weddings.

Exclusions:

The processing of motion picture film related to the motion picture and television industries is classified under subgroup 96111 (Motion picture and video production and distribution).

            8895       Packaging activities

This group includes packaging activities on a fee or contract basis, such as mixing and filling of aerosols, cans, bottles, etc., the packaging of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, etc., card-mounting of novelties and buttons, labelling, stamping and imprinting, parcel packing and gift wrapping, whether or not this involves an automated process.

Exclusions:

Packaging activities not carried out on a fee or contract basis but as an ancillary service by concerns, e.g. the packaging of own manufactured products by factories or the bottling of fresh milk by retailers for retail distribution, are classified under the main activities of such concerns.

Packaging activities for transport are classified under group 7419 (Activities of other transport agencies).

Bulk packaging of agricultural products is classified under subgroup 11400 (Agricultural and animal husbandry services, except veterinary activities).

            8899       Other business activities n.e.c.

This group includes a great variety of service activities generally delivered to commercial clients. It involves -

- debt collecting and the credit rating of individuals and firms;

- business brokerage activities, i.e. arranging for the purchase and sale of small and medium-sized businesses, including professional practices;

- appraisal activities other than for real estate and insurance;

- stenographic, duplicating and mailing activities, including typing and other secretarial activities, such as transcribing from tapes, discs or belts, proofreading, etc., copying, blue printing, multigraphing and similar activities, the addressing and dispatch of mail, mailing list compilation, etc., including mailing lists for advertising material;

- fashion designing related to textiles, wearing apparel, shoes, jewellery, furniture and other interior decoration and other fashion goods;

- demonstration and exhibition activities;

- editorial activities;

- translation and interpretation activities;

- microfilming activities;

- trading stamp activities; and

- telephone answering activities.

Also included are activities carried on by agencies on behalf of individuals, usually involving the obtaining of engagements in motion pictures, theatrical production or other entertainment or sports attractions.

Exclusions:

Extending credit through the use of credit cards is classified under group 8192 (Other credit granting).

Machinery and industrial design are classified under group 8821 (Architectural and engineering activities and related technical consultancy).

The display of advertisement and other advertising designing are classified under group 8831 (Advertising).

Duplicating activities of printers are classified under group 3251 (Printing).